You've mentioned a number things--all of which are possibilities.
Vibration when applying the brakes can have causes other than the brakes themselves.
If there is a worn steering component, you can get a vibration when the brakes are applied.
Heat is an enemy of good braking.
Heat builds up due to repeated application of the brakes with little/no cool off in between.
Sudden, hard stops. (Better to get a pedal pulsation than a wrecked car,though.)
Riding the brake. Some people have a habit of driving with one foot lightly applying the brakes.
Other people brake much more often than average (tailgaters and very anxious drivers).
Sticking brakes due to caliper pins sticking, parking brake not fully releasing, faulty brake hose not allowing fluid to leave the caliper, even grooved mounting hardware that fails to allow the pads to go back when the brakes are released can cause heat buildup and other issues.
In addition to using quality rotors, quality pads are essential.
Ceramic pads are harder and can be more prone to pedal pulsation issues.
Since this was your first brake job, I'll outline where things commonly go wrong during the job.
Failure to do things this way often leads to problems:
1) Clean and lubricate the caliper slide pins with a caliper slide pin lubricant (such as Sil-Glyde)--not just grease.
Grease will not suffice, since it swells seals and can't withstand the high heat of brakes.
2) Replace any pin that is pitted or grooved
3) Replace any torn slide pin dust boots
4) Clean or replace the brake pad mounting hardware. (Discard if any grooves are worn in.)
5) Clean the hub surface of rust (Also clean the rotor's hub of rust if reusing rotor.)
6) Replace any shims on the backing plate and use an anti-squeal compound
7) Properly torque the lug nuts
If you feel a brake
pedal pulsation when the brakes are applied, that would usually narrow it down to the brakes themselves.
AC Delco rotors come in different qualities. The best is OE, the second best is Professional and their bottom of the line is Advantage (no better than any other Chinese made parts).
A sudden hard stop when the brakes are already hot, can cause a pedal pulsation because a large amount of friction material gets deposited onto the rotors.
More info on that here
http://www.powerstop.com/what-causes-brake-pulsation/
http://www.brakeandfrontend.com/10-of-y ... questions/
http://www.hendonpub.com/resources/arti ... ls?id=1787